Abstract. This paper is devoted to the first turn steering and closing in particle accelerators of synchrotron type. In order to thread the beam entire turn around the accelerator ring and make the center of charge trajectory to follow the injection orbit as close as possible an original first turn steering algorithm has been developed. The algorithm uses the least squares approach but allows for constraints on the correctors kicks to be set. The problem of closing the second turn onto the first one has also been discussed. Two techniques are suggested: first turn closing by means of the last two correctors in the ring and first turn closing applying the LSQ algorithm. The algorithms have been applied for the first turn steering and closing in the cooler synchrotron COSY, KFA, Julich, Germany.

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